AMPAC Study Session: Study Board 168

Study Session Board 168

 

·         Treaties are the sovereign binding contracts between countries.

·         Treaties are the supreme Law between two or more countries.

·         Only the duly appointed officials of a Country can be authorized to enforce or argue the legal provisions of said treaty.

·         A country is the external state.

·         A State has Governmental Officials.

·         Officials can enforce the treaty.

·         The treaty provisions settle questions of Diversity of Jurisdiction & Law

 

Supremacy Clause

 

Question: What is the purpose and intent of the supremacy clause or

supreme law, and procedure?

 

Answer: The Supremacy Clause or supreme law supersedes, overrule, or preempts inferior laws and inferior procedures.

 

Signatory Powers of Third States parties to the multilateral

Act of Algeciras of 1906 per intertemporal Law

 (General Act of Algeciras )

 

  1. United States of America         2. France

  3. Great Britain                                   4. Germany

  5. Netherlands                                   6. Belgium

  7. All the Russia’s (15 States)    8. Austria-Hungary

  9. Sweden                                         10. Italy

11. Portugal                                      12. Spain

 

 

TREATY. International Law A compact made between two or more inde pendent nations with a view to the public wel fare. Louis Wolf & Co. v. United States, Cust. & Pat.App., 107 F.2d 819, 827; United States v. Bel mont, N.Y., 57 S.Ct. 758, 761, 301 U.S. 324, 81 L. Ed. 1134. 1673 TREATY

An agreement, league, or contract between two

 or more nations or sovereigns, formally signed by

 commissioners properly authorized, and solemnly

 ratified by the several sovereigns or the supreme

 power of each state. 

 A "treaty" is not only a law but also a contract be

tween two nations and must, if possible, be so construed as

 to give full force and effect to all its parts. United States

 v. Reid, C.C.A.Or., 73 F.2d 153, 155.

 Personal treaties relate exclusively to the persons of the

 contracting sovereigns, such as family alliances, and treat

ies guaranteeing the throne to a particular sovereign and

 his family. As they relate to the persons, they expire of

 course on the death of the sovereign or the extinction of

 his family. With the advent of constitutional government

 in Europe these treaties have lost their importance. Real

 treaties relate solely to the subject-matters of the convention,

independently of the persons of the contracting par

ties, and continue to bind the state, although there may

 be changes in its constitution or in the persons of its rul

ers. Boyd's Wheat. Int. Law § 29.

 Private Law

 The discussion of terms which immediately pre

cedes the conclusion of a contract or other tra An agreement, league, or contract between two or more nations or sovereigns, formally signed by commissioners properly authorized, and solemnly ratified by the several sovereigns or the supreme power of each state. Edye v. Robertson, 5 S.Ct. 247, 112 U.S. 580, 28 L.Ed. 798; Ex parte Ortiz, C.C.Minn., 100 F. 962; Charlton v. Kelly, 33 S.Ct. 945, 954, 29 S.Ct. 447, 57 L.Ed. 1274, 46 L.R.A., N.S., 397. A "treaty" is not only a law but also a contract between two nations and must, if possible, be so construed as to give full force and effect to all its parts. United States v. Reid, C.C.A.Or., 73 F.2d 153, 155. Personal treaties relate exclusively to the persons of the contracting sovereigns, such as family alliances, and treaties guaranteeing the throne to a particular sovereign and his family. As they relate to the persons, they expire of course on the death of the sovereign or the extinction of his family. With the advent of constitutional government in Europe these treaties have lost their importance. Real treaties relate solely to the subject matters of the convention, independently of the persons of the contracting part-time parties, and continue to bind the state, although there may be changes in its constitution or in the persons of its rulers. Boyd's Wheat. Int. Law § 29. Private Law The discussion of terms which immediately precedes the conclusion of a contract or other transaction. A warranty on the sale of goods, to be valid, must be made during the "treaty" preceding the sale. Chit. Cont. 419; Sweet.

 TREATY OF PEACE. An agreement or contract

 made by belligerent powers, in which they agree

 to lay down their arms, and by which they stipulate

the conditions of peace and regulate the manner in which it is to

 

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) | National Archives

Rights of Nationals of the United States of America in Morocco (France v. United States of America)

Blacks Law Dictionary 4th Edition

General Act of Algeciras - Wikisource, the free online library

Protectorate Treaty Between France and Morocco

Empire No

an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority

formally especially an Emperor or Empress

The French Ambassador to the Secretary of State 1917

History of the U.S. and Morocco

 

 

» The L.A.W. of the Empire of Morocco