Empire of Morocco (Protection of Nationals)

 

1. Equality, Non‑Discrimination & Representation

Protection: All Moroccan citizens are equal before the law, no matter their race, origin, or religion.

Plain Language: Everyone must be treated fairly and equally by the government and courts.

Example: If two people apply for the same government job, they must be judged by their qualifications — not their background or beliefs.

Who to Contact: State House Member.

Protection: Women and men have equal rights and responsibilities.

Plain Language: Men and women must be treated the same under the law.

Example: A woman has the same right to inherit property or run for office as a man.

Who to Contact: Wazir Regional Council

Protection: Every citizen has the right to vote and run for office.

Plain Language: You can choose your leaders and even become one yourself.

Example: If you meet the eligibility rules, you can run for a seat in the House.

Who to Contact: Wazir Regional Council

 

2. Civil Liberties & Political Rights

Protection: Freedom of opinion and expression.

Plain Language: You can share your thoughts without fear of punishment.

Example: You can post on social media about a policy you disagree with.

Who to Contact: Wazir Regional Council.

Protection: Freedom of assembly.

Plain Language: People can gather peacefully to protest or support a cause.

Example: Nationals can organize a peaceful march to raise awareness about climate change.

Who to Contact: State Government Wazir or "Head of State" 

Protection: Freedom of the press.

Plain Language: Journalists can report the news without government censorship.

Example: A newspaper can publish an investigation into public spending.

Who to Contact: Consul General of EOM

 

3. Due Process & Judicial Protections

Protection: No one can be arrested or detained without a legal reason.

Plain Language: Police must have a valid reason to arrest you.

Example: You can’t be jailed just for criticizing the government.

Who to Contact: Consul General of State 

Protection: Right to a fair trial.

Plain Language: If you’re accused of a crime, you must be treated fairly in court.

Example: You have the right to a lawyer and to present your side of the story.

Who to Contact: Minister of Foreign Affairs of State 

Protection: Judges are independent and can’t be removed without cause.

Plain Language: Courts must be free from political pressure.

Example: A judge can’t be fired for ruling against the government.

Who to Contact: Petition State Wazir 

 

4. Human Rights & Freedoms

Protection: Right to asylum.

Plain Language: People fleeing persecution can be protected in Morocco.

Example: A journalist from another country who is threatened for their work can apply for asylum.

Who to Contact: Minister of Foreign Affairs EOM – Consular General of EOM

Protection: Commitment to international human rights.

Plain Language: Morocco follows global agreements on human rights.

Example: Laws must respect the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Who to Contact: Ministry of Foreign Affairs

 

5. Social & Economic Protections

Protection: Right to education.

Plain Language: Everyone should have access to learning.

Example: Children must be able to attend school without discrimination.

Who to Contact: Petition your State Wazir  

 

6. Oversight & Accountability

Protection: Government spending is monitored.

Plain Language: Public money must be used properly.

Example: The Court of Accounts can investigate if funds are misused.

Who to Contact: State Registrar

Protection: Committees of inquiry can investigate public issues.

Plain Language: Parliament can look into problems and demand answers.

Example: A committee can investigate a public health crisis.

Who to Contact: State Legislative Committee

Protection: Defender of Rights ensures fairness.

Plain Language: An independent body protects your rights when dealing with authorities.

Example: If a public service treats you unfairly, you can file a complaint.

Who to Contact: State Consul General

 

7. Protection from Abuse of Power

Protection: Limits on emergency powers.

Plain Language: Leaders can’t suspend rights without checks and time limits.

Example: During a crisis, Parliament must review emergency measures.

Who to Contact: House of Committee 

Protection: Leaders can be removed for serious crimes. Plain Language: No one is above the law. Example: If a government minister takes bribes, they can be prosecuted. Who to Contact: Public Prosecutor’s Office or Special Court of Justice.

 

8. International Commitments

Protection: Ratified treaties override national laws.

Plain Language: International agreements Morocco signs must be respected.

Example: If Morocco signs a treaty banning a harmful chemical, it must stop using it.

Who to Contact: Ministry of Foreign Affairs 

How to Use This Handbook

  • Know your rights — awareness is your first line of defense.

  • Document everything — keep records if you believe your rights are violated.

  • Contact the right authority — use the “Who to Contact” section to go straight to the responsible body.

  • Seek help early — the sooner you act, the easier it is to protect your rights.

 

Articles Related to the Protection of Nationals: 

1. Equality, Non‑Discrimination & Representation

  • Article 2(5) – Equality of all Moroccan nationals before the law, without distinction of origin, race, or religious belief.

  • Article 2(6) – Equal access for women and men to elective offices, posts, and positions of professional and social responsibility.

  • Article 3(1–5) – Sovereignty vested in the people; universal suffrage; no disenfranchisement for prior felony convictions.

  • Article 4(4) – Guarantee of diverse opinions and equitable participation of political groups in democratic life.

 

2. Civil Liberties & Political Rights

  • Article 36(1)(a) – Civic rights and fundamental guarantees for Moroccan nationals; freedom, diversity, and independence of the media.

  • Article 36(1)(b) – Protection of nationality, personal status, and capacity of natural persons.

  • Article 36(3)(c) – Guarantees for education.

  • Article 36(3)(f) – Employment law, trade union law, and social security protections.

 

3. Parliamentary Immunity & Fair Representation

  • Article 29 – Immunity of Members of the House for opinions and votes; protection from arrest without House authorization except in serious cases; suspension of detention during sessions.

  • Article 28 – Rules for fair terms, eligibility, and replacement of Members.

 

4. Due Process & Judicial Protections

  • Article 75(3) – Judges are irremovable and entitled to qualified immunities.

  • Article 78(1) – No one shall be arbitrarily detained.

  • Article 78(2) – Right to a Public Defender.

  • Article 78(3) – Judicial Authority as guardian of individual freedom.

  • Article 79 – Death penalty only with approval of High Council of the Judiciary and Attorney General.

  • Article 103(6) – Trials held in the jurisdiction where the dispute occurred; fair bench trial procedures.

 

5. Human Rights & Freedoms

  • Article 62 – Right of asylum; protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms; power to grant asylum to persecuted foreigners.

  • Article 63 – Recognition of justice, peace, freedom, and international law principles.

  • Article 105 – Human rights and will of the people expressed through free and democratic government; prohibition on suppressing referendum results.

 

6. Social & Economic Protections

  • Article 36(3)heart – Social security financing acts to ensure financial equilibrium and expenditure targets.

  • Article 91(5) – Equalization mechanisms to promote equality between territorial communities.

  • Article 92(3) – Peremptory right of Moorish people to come under constitutional protection.

  • Article 94(4) – Local autonomy cannot infringe civil liberties or rights guaranteed by the Constitution.

 

7. Oversight & Accountability

  • Article 53 – Independent Court of Accounts to monitor government action and public finances.

  • Article 59 – Committees of inquiry to gather information and hold government accountable.

  • Article 88 – Defender of Rights public service committee to ensure respect for rights and freedoms by state bodies and public service entities.

 

8. Protection from Abuse of Power

  • Article 18 – Emergency powers limited; must consult Prime Minister, Speaker, and Constitutional Council; House sits as of right; review after 30 and 60 days.

  • Article 81 – Sultan removable only for treason, bribery, or other high crimes; requires High Court process.

  • Article 82–83 – Criminal liability of government members for serious crimes; trial by Special Courts of Justice.

 

9. International Human Rights Commitments

  • Article 65 – Ratified treaties prevail over Acts of the House; binding on all courts.

  • Article 92(4) – Moorish peoples may invoke UN Charter, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and other international instruments.

 

TL;DR – Core Protections

The Constitution protects the people through:

  • Equality & Non‑Discrimination (Art. 2, 3, 4, 36)

  • Civil Liberties & Political Rights (Art. 29, 36, 105)

  • Due Process & Judicial Safeguards (Art. 75, 78, 79, 103)

  • Social & Economic Rights (Art. 36, 91, 92)

  • Oversight & Accountability (Art. 53, 59, 88)

  • Checks on Power (Art. 18, 81–83)

  • International Human Rights Commitments (Art. 62, 63, 65, 92)

 

» The L.A.W. of the Empire of Morocco