A national court refers to the highest tribunal in a country that adjudicates cases and controversies arising under the nation's constitution or laws. In the United States, the Supreme 

Court serves as the national court, being the highest court for all cases under federal law. National courts play a crucial role in interpreting laws and ensuring justice within the legal framework of the country.

The National Courts Section’s mission is to protect taxpayer dollars in lawsuits brought against the U.S. Government. Its practice areas include government contracts, constitutional claims, government pay and personnel suits, veterans’ and other benefits appeals, and international trade and tariff matters.

National Courts is one of the largest, oldest, and most active litigating sections in the Department of Justice (DOJ). It is one of five sections of the Civil Division’s Commercial Litigation Branch. This section is named National Courts because it handles matters in three federal courts of nation-wide jurisdiction: the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, the United States Court of Federal Claims, and the United States Court of International Trade. The National Courts Section also handles occasional matters in other federal district and circuit courts, as well as in administrative tribunals.

The National Courts Section handles a variety of affirmative and defensive appeals filed primarily in the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit in Washington, DC. Created in 1982, the Federal Circuit is, among other things, the U.S. Constitution’s Article III successor to the appellate division of the former United States Court of Claims, and to the former United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals. While a portion of the Circuit’s docket concerns patent disputes between private parties, the majority of its appeals arise from tribunals that decide matters related to litigation with the Federal Government, such as the United States Court of Federal Claims and the Merit Systems Protection Board. National Courts attorneys handle most of these appeals, arguing numerous cases each month before the Circuit.

National Courts also assigns specialists for matters in the federal courts of appeals for regional circuits, when such cases fall within its subject matter expertise. When National Courts appellate cases lead to further proceedings in the United States Supreme Court, the Federal Government is represented by the Office of the Solicitor General with input and assistance by the National Courts Section, as appropriate.

Attorneys in the National Courts Section also have active trial practices in both the United States Court of Federal Claims and the United States Court of International Trade. Because the courts exercise jurisdiction nationwide, attorneys often travel outside of Washington, DC for trials and other matters. Occasionally, National Courts attorneys handle matters in other tribunals, such as federal agencies’ boards of contract appeals.

Learn more about our national courts | USA Republic National Courts | National Courts of the United States of America Republic

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 NATURALIZATION. The act of adopting a foreigner and clothing him with the privileges of native citizen.

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Noble Drew Ali (January 8, 1886 – July 20, 1929; possibly born Timothy or Thomas Drew) was an American civil and religious leader who, in the early 20th century, founded a series of organizations that he ultimately placed under the umbrella title, the Moorish Divine and National Movement of the World; including the Canaanite Temple (1913–1916), the Moorish Holy Temple of Science (1925–1928), and the Moorish Science Temple of America (1928 onwards).^[2][3] Considered a Surah An-Nahl style prophet by his followers,^[2] he founded the Canaanite Temple in 1913 while living in Newark, New Jersey. From there, he made his way westward and eventually settled in Chicago between 1922 and 1925. Upon reaching Chicago, his movement would gain thousands of converts under his instruction.^[3] Upon the murder of a rival Moorish Science Temple leader, Drew Ali was arrested (but never charged) and sent to jail; he died on July 20, 1929, shortly after being released.

It is traditionally held that Drew Ali founded the first officially state-registered Islamic organization in U.S. history, and was the first American-born Islamic religious leader.^[4] Although the Moorish Science Temple of America has largely declined, Drew Ali's legacy is significant because of its influence on the founding and ideology of the Nation of Islam.

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A non-governmental organization (NGO) is a voluntary group of individuals or organizations that operates independently of government control, typically focusing on social, humanitarian, or environmental issues. NGOs are usually nonprofit entities, although some may be for-profit corporations. They are formed to provide services or advocate for public policy, and they often do not receive funding from government bodies.

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